This paper studies the literary canonization processes in Chilean literature and their relationswith social and cultural identities. Its purpose is to establish the boundaries of the texts and metatexts written by Chilean canonical authors, starting with the romantic generation of 1852 (or 1842) and ending up with the works published in the last decade of the XX century. The hypothesis of this essay is that Chilean literature can be said to have its origins focused on a single canon, which is later replaced by a series of plural, parallel and even opposite canons.